Interactive Database Query
This website presents aggregated resistance data. Data are updated on a yearly basis. The most important trends are published regularly in the BAG-Bulletin, trends or changes of the epidemiological situation will also be published and commented under Publications.
Definitions of selection criteria
| Microorganism | Possible selections of antibiotics |
| Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus, coagulase-negative, not saprophyticus Staphylococcus saprophyticus Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin resistant |
Penicillin Oxacillin Aminoglycosides Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Tetracycline Clindamycin Macrolides Vancomycin Teicoplanin Fluoroquinolones, newer Tigecycline Fluoroquinolones, older Rifampicin Fucidic acid Mupirocin Linezolid Quinupristin-Dalfopristin |
| Enterococcus species (not identified to species level) Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium |
Penicillin Aminopenicillins Gentamicin HLAR Streptomycin HLAR Tetracycline Vancomycin Fluoroquinolones, older Fluoroquinolones, newer Quinupristin-Dalfopristin Linezolid Fosfomycin Tigecycline |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin nonsusceptible |
Penicillin Aminopenicillins Ceftriaxone Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Tetracycline Clindamycin Macrolides Fluoroquinolones, newer Tigecycline Ketolide |
| Haemophilis influenzae | Aminopenicillins Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid Cephalosporins. 2nd generation Cephalosporins, 3rd generation Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Azithromycin Clarithromycin Fluoroquinolones, newer |
| Neisseria meningitidis | Penicillin Cephalosporins. 2nd generation Cephalosporins, 3rd generation Rifampicin Fluoroquinolones, older |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Penicillin Ceftriaxon Tetracyclin Fluoroquinolones, older |
| Citrobacter koseri Citrobacter non koseri Enterobacter spp. Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Klebsiella oxytoca Morganella morganii Proteus mirabilis Proteus non mirabilis Serratia spp. |
Aminopenicillins Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Piperacillin-tazobactam Cephalosporins, 1st generation Cephalosporins. 2nd generation Cephalosporins, 3rd generation Cefepime Aztreonam ESBL Carbapenems Aminoglycosides Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Fluoroquinolones, older Nitrofurantoine Fosfomycin Tigecycline |
| Campylobacter spp. | Erythromycin Fluoroquinolones, older Macrolides |
| Salmonella spp Shigella spp |
Aminopenicillins Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Fluoroquinolones, older ESBL |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Pieracillin-tazobactam Ceftazidime Cefepime Carbapenems Aminoglycosides Ciprofloxacin ESBL |
| Acinetobacter spp. | Piperacillin-tazobactam Cephalosporins, 3rd generation Cefepime Carbapenems Fluoroquinolones, older Aminoglycosides Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ESBL |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Levofloxacin Minocyclin ESBL |
| Age group | Age |
| < 15 | less than 15 years old |
| >=15 | 15 years or older |
| Inpatients | Samples from patients hospitalized in acute care hospitals |
| Outpatients | Samples from patients treated by general or specialized practitioners, in outpatient departments of clinics or in long term facilities |
| Region | Canton | Number of inhabitants |
| Switzerland Central-East | Luzern | 394’604 |
| Nidwalden | 42’080 | |
| Obwalden | 36’834 | |
| Schwyz | 152’759 | |
| Uri | 36’008 | |
| Zug | 120’089 | |
| Total | 782’374 | |
| Switzerland Central-West | Bern | 1’009’418 |
| Freiburg | 303’377 | |
| Solothurn | 263’719 | |
| Wallis | 331’763 | |
| Total | 1’908’277 | |
| Switzerland East | Appenzell Ausserrhoden | 54’064 |
| Appenzell Innerrhoden | 15’854 | |
| Glarus | 39’794 | |
| Graubünden | 195’886 | |
| Sankt Gallen | 495’824 | |
| Total | 801’422 | |
| Switzerland Genève area | Genf | 477’385 |
| Total | 477’385 | |
| Switzerland Nord-East | Schaffhausen | 79’417 |
| Thurgau | 263’733 | |
| Zürich | 1’446’354 | |
| Total | 1’789’504 | |
| Switzerland North-West | Aargau | 645’277 |
| Basel Land | 281’301 | |
| Basel Stadt | 190’580 | |
| Jura | 72’410 | |
| Total | 1’189’568 | |
| Switzerland South | Tessin | 350’363 |
| Total | 350’363 | |
| Switzerland West | Neuenburg | 177’327 |
| Waadt | 761’446 | |
| Total | 938’773 |
Swiss federal statistical office, 2015
For a few microorganisms analysis is possible depending on the anatomic localization of the samples:
| Microorganism | Anatomic localization |
| Escherichia coli | all Urogenital Not-Urogenial |
Results: % of tested isolates, n is number of tested isolates.
De-duplication: Identical microorganisms with identical resistance profile within same patient within 365 days are de-duplicated.
Definition of susceptibility, intermediate resistance and resistance: Based on interpretative breakpoints defined by CLSI or EUCAST. In 2011 and 2012 the methods used may differ between the individual laboratories.
Exception: Interpretative breakpoints for ceftriaxone are defined for cerebrospinal fluid.
Definition Enterococcus species: Enterococcus species without identification to species level. Enterococci with vancomycin resistance are always identified to species levels and are therefore not represented in this group.
Antibiotic groups are set intermediate resp resistant, if at least one out of the tested antibiotics is intermediate resp. resistant.
Definition aminopenicillin: Amoxicillin, ampicillin
Definition cephalosporin, 1st generation: Cefapirin, cefadroxil, cefalothin, cefradine, cefazolin
Definition cephalosporin, 2nd generation: Cefonicid, cefprozil, cefuroxime axetil (oral), cefuroxime sodium (parenteral), loracarbef, cefamandole
Definition cephalosporin, 3rd generation: Ceftazidime, cefdinir, cefixime, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, ceftibuten, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime
ESBL (Expanded beta-lactamasis activity): Susceptible means ESBL-activity no; resistant means ESBL-activity yes. Intermediate not existing. Interpretation ESBL-activity yes: Resistant for all penicillins, cephalosporins and aztreonam.
Definition carbapenem: Imipenem, meropenem
Definition aminoglycoside: Amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, streptomycin, tobramycin.
HLAR: High level aminoglycoside resistance
Definition macrolide: Azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, josamycin, roxithromycin.
Definition fluoroquinolones, older: Cinoxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin.
Fluoroquinolone, older: Indicated only for antimicrobial prophylaxis after exposition.
Definition fluoroquinolone, newer: Gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, lemofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin.
Nitrofurantoin: Only for urinary tract infections.
Mupirocin: Only for topical use.